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Every year over USD 1 trillion is distributed worldwide in the form of foreign direct investment. Investments by foreign investors and entrepreneurs are of significant value to the country and are seen as a sign of a healthy economic, political and legal environment. When it comes to investing your money, some countries are just better than others. It depends on numerous factors such as the country's overall economy and growth prospects, political stability, taxation and the overall legal system, the complexity of starting a business, opening an account and the workforce.
In this article, we summarize three jurisdictions in terms of benefits and other features crucial to foreign investors. These countries have already proven their ability to attract multinationals and other investments, but when it comes to choosing the right place to invest, each country is different and might be better than others in one or more factors.
Singapore The first country to be analyzed is Singapore, which ranks 2nd among the best countries for investment and 15th among the best countries in the world in the US News Best Countries Ranking developed in cooperation with its international partners .
Located in Southeast Asia, Singapore is a bustling metropolis and home to one of the busiest ports in the world. As one of Asia's four economic tigers, the country has experienced impressive growth in recent years thanks to efficient production and manufacturing processes and innovations in the pharmaceutical and electronics industries. High GDP per capita and low unemployment make Singapore one of the wealthiest countries in the world.
Due to its impressive growth and increasing immigration, Singapore attracts the best professionals to its workforce. The country offers cultural diversity and, with four official languages, is an important gateway for international trade. The corporate tax rate is 17%, but it can be lowered by taking advantage of numerous government subsidies, incentives, and other programs. Singapore's legal system is known for its integrity, efficiency and fairness, making the country better than many as a place to start and operate a business. The World Bank Group has recognized Singapore's political and regulatory environment as the most business-friendly in the world.
Other factors: Least Corrupt Country in Asia; Best IP protection in Asia; Most popular country for arbitration in Asia.
United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates or UAE is listed as the 22nd best country in the world and is not mentioned among the best countries for investment according to the above ranking.
Before the discovery of oil in the mid-20th century, the UAE's economy was mainly based on fishing and the pearling industry. The country experienced rapid growth and general transformation along with the start of oil exports in the 1960s. Today the country's GDP can be compared to that of leading European countries and the World Economic Forum has named the UAE the most competitive place in the Arab world.
When incorporating a company in the United Arab Emirates, foreign investors can choose between offshore or onshore registration, whichever is more suitable for the type of company and the activities planned. Onshore registration means that the investor establishes a business presence on the UAE mainland. Offshore registration usually refers to a business presence in one of the UAE's free trade zones. The UAE does not levy corporate income tax at the federal level. However, most Emirates have some corporate income taxation and can even reach 55% for certain industries. In practice, corporate income tax is mainly levied on gas and oil companies and branches of foreign banks. Other factors: The UAE is among the most liberal places in the Gulf with a legal system that allows freedom of religion; No sales tax or VAT but with plans to introduce it in the future; In addition to traditional banking, Islamic (or Sharia-compliant) banking has seen tremendous growth in recent times.
Hong Kong Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China. While Hong Kong is often considered a separate entity from China, it is not a country and therefore appears under the name of China in all lists and rankings. China ranks 26th among the best countries to invest in and 20th among the best countries in general.
Hong Kong's legal system is characterized by strict adherence to principles and the rule of law. It operates a free trade economic system and encourages minimal government intervention in most areas of the economy. This reflects the low number of tariffs and tariffs on traded goods, making it a better place to invest than other parts of China. Foreign investment is attracted by promoting a favorable investment climate with low taxes, few restrictions and additional incentives to encourage investment. The corporate tax rate is 16.5% with the option to waive 75% of the tax. No tax is levied on dividends. Company formation is a simple and quick process. All applications for company formation also include an application for the commercial register. The application can be submitted online and typically takes an hour to process (as opposed to four days if the application is submitted on paper).
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Before the economic development, The United Arab Emirates (UAE) was one of the least developed countries of the world. However, at present it has achieved a level of income comparable to that of the most economically developed and industrialized nations. Oil revenues have allowed the country to leap various stages of development and focus on mass consumption which resulted in saving and capital accumulation necessary for its economic development. The country’s authorities has successfully implemented a human development policy, starting from the early 1970s, leading to a long-term economic development in the UAE which followed by industrialization, urbanization and modernization.
UAE is not a territory that is dependent on another country or governing body, meaning that it is also not a subject to EU regulation. UAE is not a member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and does not partake in the foreign automatic exchange of information. It is famous for its modern offshore legislation which allows a complete foreign ownership with no requirement to have a local partner while doing business on the UAE territory. It also has efficient and up-to-date communication means which makes all the business activities easily done in a short time frames.
UAE free trade zone authorities UAE has two main offshore authorities, one of which is located in the Jebel Ali Free Zone (JAFZA) and the other in Ras Al Khaimah (RAK) and one more jurisdiction called Ajman Freezone (AFZA) which is a free trade zone in Ajman and of seven emirates in the United Arab Emirates. They were known for the ship building and commercial activities in the maritime sector for the past decades. However, today they are now better for their industrial sector. These are referred to international business companies that conduct business internationally, providing businessmen opportunities to own real estate in the UAE which can be further used as a trading vehicle as well as to maintain bank accounts and other useful commercial options for doing business on a global scale.
These offshore authorities offer rather competitive prices, business transparency together with clients’ private data protection via secured systems and also a dedicated manager available throughout the year. One more feature is that Company registration in UAE offshore authorities normally takes about 2 days to be completed which is one more attractive feature for all the business people worldwide.
Advantages of UAE company In general there are various advantages which can be related to UAE offshore companies due to which they have a good reputation throughout the decades, especially in past 20-30 years when UAE and its companies has become a global business spot, while not having a tax haven stigma attached to them. UAE offshore company offshore is also referred to as an international Business Company or a non-resident Company. First of all these are anonymity, privacy protection, absence of auditing, absence of accounting or reporting requirements, absence of requirement to deposit the capital in the bank, absence of minimum capital requirement. Additionally there is a complete tax and duty exemption and complete foreign ownership permission available. All the nominee services are carried out through lawyers and one more additional bonus is that the established offshore company can own real estate properties in UAE.
UAE companies conduct stringent international due diligence checks to ensure an appropriate level of protection, having strict risk control procedures in place to prevent any unregulated or undesirable elements while making business deals. These are the conditions suitable for businessmen and entrepreneurs doing commerce over the Internet, wide range of traders, expatriates, consultants and counsellors, holding intellectual property rights for the custody of real estate or for inheritance purposes.
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Switzerland is world famous for its banks and blooming economy having a GDP higher than in most of the Western European countries. Also, the price of the Swiss franc (CHF) was quite stable in comparison to other currencies. In year 2009, the financial sector of Switzerland have contributed around 11.6% of total gross domestic product and employed almost 195,000 employees (136,000 of which are employed in the banking sector specifically), which is almost 6% of the overall Swiss labour force. In addition to that, Swiss banks employ roughly 103,000 employees in other countries.
Today roughly thirty three percent of total global funds are being kept outside of originating state (also known as offshore assets), which are kept in Swiss banks and financial institutions. Back in year 2001, Swiss banks have managed a great total of 2.6 trillion United States dollars net worth.
Privacy policy of the Swiss banks The Banking Law of 1934 has turned into a criminal offence for a Swiss bank to disclose information about an account holder. Swiss bank discretion policy guarantees the secrecy of bank customers. The anonymity guaranteed by Swiss laws resembles in its nature confidentiality protection level between doctors and patients or attorneys and their clients.
The Swiss authorities recognize the right to secrecy as a core principle that must be secured by any democratic state. While secrecy is guaranteed all bank accounts are connected to an identified individual, also known as ultimate beneficiary. It should also be pointed out that even the bank privacy principle isn’t absolute per se: a prosecutor or a judge is entitled to issue a legal order granting right to apply legally enforced access to bank data essential for leading an investigation.
However, everything changed on the 27th of May year 2015, when Swiss authorities have signed an agreement with the EU officials. The latter agreement has aligned bank practices of the Swiss banks and financial institutions with common European requirements and standards, which, as a result, has ended the privacy policy that EU-resident customers of Swiss banks had been enjoying lately. According to the provision of the agreement, both parties involved: Switzerland and European Union member states, shall automatically exchange information on the bank accounts of one another's residents starting from year 2018.
Asset management industry in Switzerland Asset management is a rapidly developing business in Switzerland. In order to make sure that the Swiss financial centre does actually prosper and benefit from this development, several local banking and financial associations have developed the Asset Management Platform Switzerland. This platform fulfills the duties previously carried out by the Asset Management Initiative, which was started back in year 2012. The ultimate goal of the platform is to make Switzerland an appealing, global level destination for asset management purposes.
Asset management in Switzerland is going to be improved into one of the leading forces of the Swiss financial centre. Asset management industry is going to be recognized globally for high levels of trust and quality. The aforementioned platform is going to be used in order to develop asset management in Switzerland as strategic industry. As a result, the Swiss financial centre shall become diversified, as already existing guidelines of business will be re-introduced and industries that are receding shall be compensated for. Also, for the private client business and customer-focused investment banking, asset management is going to turn into a full-scale supporting pillar of the financial centre and Swiss economy as whole.
Swiss banks As of beginning of year 2008, on the territory of Switzerland there are 327 incorporated and authorized banks and securities dealers. Companies on this list widely range and include the Two Big Banks as well as numerous smaller banks. Click here to view our Swiss banks catalogue.
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A branch is a unit of a parent company incorporated in a foreign market or other location with the aim of doing business. A branch is not an independent entity in either a legal or functional sense – it is set up as an extension of the parent company, which is responsible for its liabilities and taxes.
Branch activities Because branches are sub-divisions of the parent company, they can be used to carry out the same activities, including but not limited to:
Sale of goods and services manufacture of products store products collect data Conducting market research launch advertising campaigns In other words, a branch office acts as a representative of the parent company even though it is physically separate from the main office. This aspect of physical presence in a foreign or otherwise distant market is the main benefit of having a branch office. It ensures a tangible presence and also acts as a base or hub in the logistics network of the parent company.
Another important task of a branch office is to act as a contact point for customers. In addition to selling a product or service, depending on what the company manufactures, a branch office can be used to make repairs, store goods for on-site transactions (i.e., act as a retail store), and generally serve as a customer support center .
In addition, a branch office is an important element in a company's market research and business expansion strategy. A branch may hire local people to gain insight into the culture and environment of a foreign market and to draw on knowledge of the market itself. The home office of the parent company cannot do this and would need mediators or advice from experts on the foreign market. Depending on the distance to the home office, a branch office can also be advantageous in responding to certain business events, since information is more likely to be received earlier.
Advantages of a branch A branch office has several advantages over other forms of corporate representation in a foreign market:
Scope of activities A branch office can perform the same activities as the home office while providing better access to local resources and information. local presence A branch office can access local suppliers and customers without having to build a delivery and supply network, increasing the overall effectiveness of the company's services, and negating the effect of distance between the overseas market and the home office can discourage potential partners. Service adjustability Because a subsidiary is a separate structure, its activities can be adapted to meet the needs of a foreign market without overhauling the structure of the entire company - rather than the home office, location-specific products, types of services, etc. can be assigned to the subsidiary to manage .
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Money laundering is a process of legalizing money in which an individual takes steps to disguise the origin of the funds in order to make their nature lawful. Anti-Money Laundering (AML) is a set of measures aimed at preventing the use of the financial system or banks for money laundering or terrorist financing. AML measures and tools are standardized worldwide and implemented by international and national institutions, banks and companies. Every bank and other financial institution, as well as other businesses, must implement anti-money laundering laws and regulations. To obtain a banking license, the bank must approve compliance with AML requirements and provide AML policies. The AML Policy may be updated as needed or in response to current trends in the AML field and current practice.
AML policy core principles Although the AML policy may differ from bank to bank, the major principles are common customer due diligence procedures (CDD) based on know your client principle. Due diligence procedure is based on client provided information in the questionnaire. Such questionnaire must be frequently updated.. If the person transfers funds significantly exceeding the indicated cash flow - the bank may ask additional questions in order to verify the purpose of such transfer. If the company changes the business profile, it must notify the bank. In addition, if the company starts co-operation with a new company, it must notify the bank in order to provide smooth transfer process. Usually banks or other large financial institutions incorporate a specific department that challenges AML. Such department are called Legal Compliance Department.
AML and customer due diligence definitely affect client's privacy. However, the purpose of investigation is solely based on protection of public interests and prevention of financial crimes and support of terrorism. Consequently, lack of investigation would greatly threaten the internal market of the Europe Union.
Goals of AML policy AML policy was introduced with the ultimate goal to establish a general framework to fight against money laundering, terrorism, corruption and other financial crimes. The other goal is to protect community from money legalization and to ensure that the organization complies with relevant laws and regulations.
By introducing AML policy, it is planned to provide transparent and trackable cash flow that must be maintained in order to prevent terrorist financing and to control its usage by suspected terrorists and criminal groups and their own financial resources. The full transparency and traceability of transfers of funds is an important and valuable mechanism in the prevention process, identification and investigation of money laundering and terrorist financing. If the bank detects a suspicious transaction,it may freeze the funds until the client provides an explanatory reasoning.
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Adult literacy rate in Rwanda is 70.5%. Male literacy is 73.2%. Female literacy is 68%. Therefore, male literacy and female literacy differ by 5.2%. Government expenditure on education is 4.1% of GDP. The education index of Rwanda is 0.478 - formal education levels are low and are mostly limited to primary and secondary school levels at best; higher education is possible, but not very widespread. People in Rwanda speak the French, English, and Kinyarwanda languages.
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Egypt is considered a huge nation due to its total area. Its total land area is 1,001,450 km² (about 386,660 mi²). The continental shelf of Egypt is approximately 61,591 km² (about 23,780 mi²). Egypt is in Africa. Africa is the second largest and second most populous continent on earth. African countries include South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia and Egypt, among others. Egypt has 4 neighboring countries. Its neighbors include the Palestinian Territories, Israel, Libya and Sudan. Egypt is not a landlocked country. It means it is bounded by at least one major body of water. The average altitude range of Egypt is 321 m (1,053 ft).
Neighbors The total length of land borders of Egypt is 2612 kilometers (~1,008 miles). Egypt shares land borders with 4 different countries and has the same number of unique land borders with neighboring territories. If, as in the case of Egypt, a country has the same number of distinct neighboring regions as land borders, then that country does not have non-contiguous sections of a land border. This is in contrast to several countries that have multiple non-contiguous stretches of land borders. Egypt has 4 neighboring countries. Its neighbors include the Palestinian Territories, Israel, Libya and Sudan. The lengths of land borders of Egypt with its neighboring countries are as follows:
Palestinian Territories - 11 km (7 miles), Israel - 266 km (165 miles), Libya - 1115 km (693 mi), Sudan - 1273 km (791 miles).
Cities The capital of Egypt is Cairo. The largest city in Egypt is Cairo.
Elevation The average altitude range of Egypt is 321 m (1,053 ft). The highest point in Egypt is Mount Catherine with an official height of 2629 m (8,626 ft). The lowest point in Egypt is the Qattara Depression. It is at -133 m (-436 ft), i.e. below sea level. The difference in elevation between the highest (Mount Catherine) and the lowest (Qattara Depression) point in Egypt is 2762 m (2 ft).
Area The total land area of Egypt is 1,001,450 km² (about 386,660 mi²). and the total Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is 263,451 km² (~101,719 mi²). The continental shelf of Egypt is approximately 61,591 km² (about 23,780 mi²). Including the landmass and the EEZ, the total area of Egypt is approximately 1,264,901 km² (~488,379 mi²). Egypt is considered a huge nation due to its total area.
forest and farmland 670 km² of Egyptian territory is covered with forests, and forest area accounts for 0% of the country's total area. In Egypt, there are 29,067 km² of arable land, which accounts for 3% of the total national territory.
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The compliance function in a bank, brokerage firm or other financial institution is designed to ensure compliance with all applicable rules, laws and regulations, whether local or international. The traditional compliance model was designed as a law enforcement tool, with only a limited focus on real risk identification and management.
Today, however, the tasks of the compliance staff include monitoring bank activities and identifying and evaluating risk areas. The latter may include testing and evaluating the adequacy of the bank's policies and security and risk assessment tools. The compliance unit can also implement solutions to address identified risks, design compliance programs for new rules and regulations, and oversee employee training programs.
Possible risks Compliance rules, laws and standards typically cover matters related to maintaining reasonable standards of market conduct and treating clients fairly. Depending on the size of their business, banks' compliance obligations can range from preventing conflicts of interest, money laundering and tax evasion to monitoring trading activities and ensuring compliance with applicable regulations. The compliance requirements for most financial institutions have increased significantly since the financial crisis of 2008, and new compliance issues are constantly emerging – such as conduct risk, risk culture, anti-money laundering and the risk of the Next Generation Bank Secrecy Act (AML/BSA) and third – and including fourth party risk.
The compliance function needs to broaden its focus beyond the financial institution and its employees. It is also responsible for ensuring that the bank's customers do not use the bank for illegal activities such as tax evasion, money laundering or terrorist financing. If illegal activities are suspected, the compliance office must ensure that the bank takes the right steps, otherwise it can be held liable.
While banks view compliance requirements as a way to keep their reputations clean, non-compliance can result in hefty fines, regulatory and legal penalties, and reputational damage. “Compliance risk” is defined as a bank's risk of suffering regulatory or legal sanctions, reputational damage or significant financial loss because of its failure to comply with regulations, laws, rules, relevant self-regulatory standards and codes of conduct applicable to specific business operations.